Career Profile Of The Transition From School - 1332 Words

I. INTRODUCTION â€Å"The transition from school to work can be challenging for students. It is our job to help you identify your goal, acquire job searching skills and get prepare for the outside world.† ---- Janice Tester (Career advisor, McGill University) Janice Tester has been working as a Career Advisor for McGill Career planning Service Office (CaPS) for over 17 years. In 2014, I started to serve as a peer educator in CaPS office and Janice became my supervisor since then. Despite the fact that we worked closely together in the past two years, I never get a chance to know her accomplishments in the job and how she perceive her work. This became my initial motivation to interview her. Another reason is that, given the importance of career advising service in McGill, its performance is difficult to evaluate. A throughout analysis on this position can be helpful for its performance improvement. Several expectations for this posit ion were developed during my working in CaPS. Firstly, I expected career advisors to be business-orientated, with backgrounds in human resource management. Secondly, since their works involve mostly one-on-one consulting with students, interactions with colleagues are limited and unnecessary. Thirdly, I expected that, career advisors enjoy a high level of initiative. Instead of taking commands directly from their supervisor, they have theShow MoreRelatedNew High School Graduation Requirements789 Words   |  4 PagesEducation (ODE) adopted new high school graduation requirements. In addition to completing the state’s credit requirements and demonstrating proficiency on state standardized assessments, students must meet three personalized learning requirements (PLRs): 1) completion of an education plan and profile; 2) participation in career-related learning experiences; and 3) extended application of personalized learning knowledge and skills in activities relevant to postse condary and career goals. This process is intendedRead MoreBenefits Of Support For Sen And Disabilities1084 Words   |  5 PagesThrough the promotion of a range of support, Schools and colleges can raise the aspirations of learners with SEN and disabilities. According to the Equality Act 2010, education providers and employers have a duty to ensure the inclusion for the SEN learner in the workplace. Reasonable adjustments must be in place; to ensure that the employee with SEN has the same accessibility in the workplace as typically developing employee. If the employee with SEN is at a disadvantage, there are three requirementsRead MoreThe Suburban Zip Code 402231136 Words   |  5 Pagesaverage home value in this area is around $245,000, while the average household income is around $71,000 (â€Å"40223 Zip Code Profile†). There are few schools in this area (Anchorage Public Elementary school, Bellwood Presbyterian Home for Children, and Maryhurst alternative school), but there are many other close schools that children from this area attend. Starting from the bottom, the population pyramid shows that there is a large population of kids under the age of 15 in this area code.Read MoreJobs for the Future Employee1360 Words   |  6 Pagesmake an easier transition, we have grouped together few tips to get employed in the sector of environment.| To help you get the first job in environmental field with an easier transition, we have brought to you some tips that will be helpful in future.} { Canada’s 2010 Profile of Canadian Environmental Employment says that employers in the environmental field will rely on the present relationships with employees and social networks when they look forward to employing new graduates.| From the researchRead MoreCareer Assessment Instruments : Career Goals1070 Words   |  5 PagesCareer assessment instruments are important in the field of career development. These are the tools that will help career counselors guide the individuals they are working with down the appropriate career path along with equipping the individual with interventions to deal with barriers and handle on-the-job stressors. Career assessment instruments have the ability to measure many traits and one trait is a person’s interests and skills. The measurement of one’s interests and skills is the foundationRead More Tech Prep Essay1704 Words   |  7 Pagesprep and presents the realities of tech prep implementation. Myth: Tech Prep Is an Integration of Academic and Vocational Education Although tech prep is based on the premise that academic and vocational skills cannot be learned in isolation from each other, integration of the two disciplines extends beyond the merging of existing academic and vocational education curriculum. It requires the introduction of new courses, sequenced in an entire program of core curriculum that leads students toRead MoreThe Success Of Learning Disabled High School Students806 Words   |  4 Pages(1st ed). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. Barreti, M. R. (1993). Increasing the success of learning disabled high school students in their transition to the community college through the use of support services (Doctoral dissertation). Nova University, Florida. Beck, H. P., Davidson, W. D. (2001). Establishing an early warning system: Predicting low grades in college students from survey of academic orientations scores. Research in Higher Education, 42(6) 709-723 Belch, H. (2004). Retention andRead MoreHow Independent Consultants Fill The Gap And Complement High School Counseling893 Words   |  4 Pagescompetitive results for admissions requires students to receive more guidance while the ratio of students to school counselors increases. This paper aims to explore some ways that independent consultants fill the gap and complement high school counseling. I used interviews and questionnaires to elicit information. I contacted several counselors in public and private schools to get the profiles of families that seek outside assistance with the college application process and to understand how bestRead MoreMy Audience About The Successes Of Travi $ Scott1059 Words   |  5 PagesThe Graduates and released an EP on MySpace. d. Central Idea: Travi$ Scott started producing beats at the age of 16 and tremendously ascended with his hip-hop music career. e. Initial Preview: Throughout this speech you will grasp knowledge about the inception of Travi$ Scott, his astronomical rise, and his successes today. Transition to 1st main point: To begin, let’s talk about the origin of the upcoming legendary Travi$ Scott. II. BODY: a. Point #1: Travi$ Scott grew up in Houston and was raisedRead MoreThe California Youth Transitions To Adulthood Study1089 Words   |  5 Pageshealth issues and availability of social supports (Courtney, Terao, Bost, 2004; Katz Courtney, 2015). The California Youth Transitions to Adulthood Study included a series of longitudinal surveys and interviews with youth and showed that the majority of re-surveyed youth opted to leverage extended foster care to help them reach their life goals, remain enrolled in school, and receive overall more supportive services (Courtney, Charles, Okpych, Halsted, 2014). The Multi-Site Evaluation of Foster

International Business Entry Modes Free Essays

Introduction An international entry mode is an institutional agreement necessary for the entry of a company’s products, technology and human capital into a foreign country or market. The reluctance of firms to change entry modes once they are in place, and the difficulty involved in doing so, make the mode of entry decision a key strategic issue for firms operating in today’s rapidly internationalizing market place. The choice of mode will depend on internal characteristics (eg firm size, international experience) and external characteristics (eg the sociocultural distance between the host country and the home country) as well as the trade-off between desired mode characteristics (risk adverse, control and flexibility). We will write a custom essay sample on International Business Entry Modes or any similar topic only for you Order Now The diagram below conveys 3 broad categories of modes of entry, and their fundamental trade offs. Further to the issues discussed above, no matter which of three of the export modes the manufacturer uses in a market, it is important to think about what level of ‘mindshare’ the manufacturer occupies in the mind of the export partner, as there has been a strong proven correlation between mindshare levels and how willing the export intermediary is to place on company brand in front of another, or how likely the intermediary is to defect. Good mind share will depend on scoring well across the three drivers of commitment and trust, collaboration and mutuality of interest common purpose. Export Modes Baring in mind the factors discussed above we will now review the different types of entry modes, beginning with export modes, as they are typically the modes used in initial entry to international markets, as they require a lower financial investment than other modes and can be viewed as a ‘toe in the water; for in experienced and smaller firms or where there may be risks (eg political, economic environmental) preventing FDI. The three major types of exporting are indirect, direct and cooperative. Indirect export modes are modes in which the exporting manufacturer uses independent organizations located in a producer’s country, they include the use of an export buying agent, a broker, an export house, a trading company, or a piggyback. Indirect export modes may be appropriate for firms with limited- rather than long term- international expansion objectives. For example, if international sales are primarily used as a means of disposing of surplus production. The lack of contact with firms abroad will provide limited information to develop a plan for international expansion. In the use of such modes, there is limited control over the marketing mix (other than product). A direct export mode may be more appropriate in gaining a little more control, in which the manufacturer sells directly to an importer, agent or distributor in the foreign target market. The local party will bring the advantage of existing distribution networks, and will provide good local market knowledge. However, a company must be careful in entering into contracts as they can be difficult and costly to terminate, and can go wrong when there is a conflict in interests (e. . it may sell rivals goods or competing product lines). Similarly, there is a serious disincentive for the agent/distributor in that if it performs well and develops the market, it risks being replaced by a subsidiary of the principal. Intermediate modes As a firm gradually evolves towards more foreign based operations, Intermediate modes will become more suitable modes of entry. This will likely include firms possessi ng some sort of competitive advantage that are unable to exploit this advantage because of resource constraints. Intermediate modes take the form of contract manufacturing, licencing, franchising, a joint venture or a strategic alliance. Contract manufacturing- where manufacturing is contracted to an external foreign partner provides a low risk and potentially low cost mode of entry. Benetton and Ikea are a good example of companies who successfully rely on a contractual network of small overseas manufacturers. Benetton has over 80% of its production outsourced to 450 contractors (located in low cost production countries such as India and China). As a result of the money saved on labour, Benetton can sell products 20% cheaper, helping it to maintain a low cost position in comparison to competitors. Of course, this method may not be appropriate for every company as there is a loss of knowledge and intellectual property rights, and the transaction costs involved must also be considered. Licensing differs from contract manufacturing in that more value chain functions have been transferred to the licensee. In outsourcing production and downstream activities a licensor irm can concentrate on its core competences and therefore will remain technologically superior in its product development- for example Apple licenses its brand to manufacturers of accessory products, and the BBC licenses rights to broadcast TV shows around the world. However a lack of control over licensor operations and therefore quality may lead a company to use franchising (a sub variant of licensing) in which the franchisor gives a right to the franchisee agains t a payment, EG a right to use a total business concept/system, including the use of trademarks/brands, against some agreed royalty. Franchising not only provides a greater degree of control than licensing, but It can also be seen as low cost and low risk as the franchise are the ones investing in the necessary equipment and know-how. This entry mode has been seen to generate great successes for companies such as McDonalds who now franchises 25000 restaurants globally. However, it should be noted that there is still a lack of full control over franchisee’s operations, which can result in problems with cooperation, communications, quality control etc, and a risk of damage to the company’s international reputation if some franchisees underperform (‘’free-riding’’). Another intermediary mode that will allow greater control is a joint venture, in which 2 ‘parent’ companies create a new ‘child’ company. This high degree of control and local knowledge is a clear advantage of such an entry mode. The shared knowledge and resources gained through a JV as compared with wholly owned subsidiaries will bring many advantages such as economies of scale. However of course there is a loss of confidentiality and flexibility, and the use of double management will raise questions about how the company is split- 50/50? If 50/50, it is difficult for the board to make decisions, if at all! Hierarchical modes of entry allow the highest degree of control for a firm, while at the same time, the highest degree of risk as the firm completely owns and controls the foreign entry mode. To have a wholly owned subsidiary a firm can either acquire an existing company (acquisition) or build on its own operations from scratch (greenfield/brownfield investment). An acquisition will provide rapid entry, access to distribution channel, an existing customer base. This may be the only feasible way of establishing a base in the host country in saturated markets, or where there are substantial entry barrier and therefore little room for a new entrant. Of course, as with intermediary modes, there is the issue of contracts, negotiation and the different management styles between companies. If difficulties (eg no appropriate acquisition) are encountered with acquisitions, it may lead firms to prefer to establish greenfield (new facility) and brownfield (existing facilities) operations. Out of the two- greenfield is seen as an advantageous option because the new plant will involve the latest technology and equipment, avoiding the problem of trying to change the traditional practices of an established concern. Although this is a big investment for a company involving slow entry into the foreign market, the returns are long term and the firm has control over the entire operation. Conclusion It cannot be stated categorically which alternative is the best. There are many internal and external conditions which affect this choice and it should be emphasized that a manufacturer wanting to engage in global marketing may use more than one of these methods at the same time (Petersen and Welch, 2002). Such ‘mode packages’ may take the form of a concerted use of several operation modes in an integrated, complementary way. Zara is a good example of this- in markets where the hierarchical model is used, there is high growth potential and relative low sociocultural distance between the home country of Spain and target market. The intermediate modes (usually joint venture and franchising) are mainly used in countries where the sociocultural distance is relatively high. For example in 1999, Zara entered into a 50-50 JV with the German firm OTTO Versand, which had experience in the distribution sector and market knowledge in one of Europe’s largest markets, Germany. Whereas franchising is used by Zara in high risk countries which are socio-culturally distant or have small markets which allow sales forecast such as Andorra, Puerto Rico or the Philippines. How to cite International Business Entry Modes, Essay examples International Business Entry Modes Free Essays Introduction An international entry mode is an institutional agreement necessary for the entry of a company’s products, technology and human capital into a foreign country or market. The reluctance of firms to change entry modes once they are in place, and the difficulty involved in doing so, make the mode of entry decision a key strategic issue for firms operating in today’s rapidly internationalizing market place. The choice of mode will depend on internal characteristics (eg firm size, international experience) and external characteristics (eg the sociocultural distance between the host country and the home country) as well as the trade-off between desired mode characteristics (risk adverse, control and flexibility). We will write a custom essay sample on International Business Entry Modes or any similar topic only for you Order Now The diagram below conveys 3 broad categories of modes of entry, and their fundamental trade offs. Further to the issues discussed above, no matter which of three of the export modes the manufacturer uses in a market, it is important to think about what level of ‘mindshare’ the manufacturer occupies in the mind of the export partner, as there has been a strong proven correlation between mindshare levels and how willing the export intermediary is to place on company brand in front of another, or how likely the intermediary is to defect. Good mind share will depend on scoring well across the three drivers of commitment and trust, collaboration and mutuality of interest common purpose.  Control Key and Word – Text and Graphics. Export Modes Baring in mind the factors discussed above we will now review the different types of entry modes, beginning with export modes, as they are typically the modes used in initial entry to international markets, as they require a lower financial investment than other modes and can be viewed as a ‘toe in the water; for in experienced and smaller firms or where there may be risks (eg political, economic environmental) preventing FDI. The three major types of exporting are indirect, direct and cooperative. Indirect export modes are modes in which the exporting manufacturer uses independent organizations located in a producer’s country, they include the use of an export buying agent, a broker, an export house, a trading company, or a piggyback. Indirect export modes may be appropriate for firms with limited- rather than long term- international expansion objectives. For example, if international sales are primarily used as a means of disposing of surplus production. The lack of contact with firms abroad will provide limited information to develop a plan for international expansion. In the use of such modes, there is limited control over the marketing mix (other than product). A direct export mode may be more appropriate in gaining a little more control, in which the manufacturer sells directly to an importer, agent or distributor in the foreign target market. The local party will bring the advantage of existing distribution networks, and will provide good local market knowledge. However, a company must be careful in entering into contracts as they can be difficult and costly to terminate, and can go wrong when there is a conflict in interests (e. . it may sell rivals goods or competing product lines). Similarly, there is a serious disincentive for the agent/distributor in that if it performs well and develops the market, it risks being replaced by a subsidiary of the principal. Intermediate modes As a firm gradually evolves towards more foreign based operations, Intermediate modes will become more suitable modes of entry. This will likely include firms possessi ng some sort of competitive advantage that are unable to exploit this advantage because of resource constraints. Intermediate modes take the form of contract manufacturing, licencing, franchising, a joint venture or a strategic alliance. Contract manufacturing- where manufacturing is contracted to an external foreign partner provides a low risk and potentially low cost mode of entry. Benetton and Ikea are a good example of companies who successfully rely on a contractual network of small overseas manufacturers. Benetton has over 80% of its production outsourced to 450 contractors (located in low cost production countries such as India and China). As a result of the money saved on labour, Benetton can sell products 20% cheaper, helping it to maintain a low cost position in comparison to competitors. Of course, this method may not be appropriate for every company as there is a loss of knowledge and intellectual property rights, and the transaction costs involved must also be considered. Licensing differs from contract manufacturing in that more value chain functions have been transferred to the licensee. In outsourcing production and downstream activities a licensor irm can concentrate on its core competences and therefore will remain technologically superior in its product development- for example Apple licenses its brand to manufacturers of accessory products, and the BBC licenses rights to broadcast TV shows around the world. However a lack of control over licensor operations and therefore quality may lead a company to use franchising (a sub variant of licensing) in which the franchisor gives a right to the franchisee agains t a payment, EG a right to use a total business concept/system, including the use of trademarks/brands, against some agreed royalty. Franchising not only provides a greater degree of control than licensing, but It can also be seen as low cost and low risk as the franchise are the ones investing in the necessary equipment and know-how. This entry mode has been seen to generate great successes for companies such as McDonalds who now franchises 25000 restaurants globally. However, it should be noted that there is still a lack of full control over franchisee’s operations, which can result in problems with cooperation, communications, quality control etc, and a risk of damage to the company’s international reputation if some franchisees underperform (‘’free-riding’’). Another intermediary mode that will allow greater control is a joint venture, in which 2 ‘parent’ companies create a new ‘child’ company. This high degree of control and local knowledge is a clear advantage of such an entry mode. The shared knowledge and resources gained through a JV as compared with wholly owned subsidiaries will bring many advantages such as economies of scale. However of course there is a loss of confidentiality and flexibility, and the use of double management will raise questions about how the company is split- 50/50? If 50/50, it is difficult for the board to make decisions, if at all! Hierarchical modes of entry allow the highest degree of control for a firm, while at the same time, the highest degree of risk as the firm completely owns and controls the foreign entry mode. To have a wholly owned subsidiary a firm can either acquire an existing company (acquisition) or build on its own operations from scratch (greenfield/brownfield investment). An acquisition will provide rapid entry, access to distribution channel, an existing customer base. This may be the only feasible way of establishing a base in the host country in saturated markets, or where there are substantial entry barrier and therefore little room for a new entrant. Of course, as with intermediary modes, there is the issue of contracts, negotiation and the different management styles between companies. If difficulties (eg no appropriate acquisition) are encountered with acquisitions, it may lead firms to prefer to establish greenfield (new facility) and brownfield (existing facilities) operations. Out of the two- greenfield is seen as an advantageous option because the new plant will involve the latest technology and equipment, avoiding the problem of trying to change the traditional practices of an established concern. Although this is a big investment for a company involving slow entry into the foreign market, the returns are long term and the firm has control over the entire operation. Conclusion It cannot be stated categorically which alternative is the best. There are many internal and external conditions which affect this choice and it should be emphasized that a manufacturer wanting to engage in global marketing may use more than one of these methods at the same time (Petersen and Welch, 2002). Such ‘mode packages’ may take the form of a concerted use of several operation modes in an integrated, complementary way. Zara is a good example of this- in markets where the hierarchical model is used, there is high growth potential and relative low sociocultural distance between the home country of Spain and target market. The intermediate modes (usually joint venture and franchising) are mainly used in countries where the sociocultural distance is relatively high. For example in 1999, Zara entered into a 50-50 JV with the German firm OTTO Versand, which had experience in the distribution sector and market knowledge in one of Europe’s largest markets, Germany. Whereas franchising is used by Zara in high risk countries which are socio-culturally distant or have small markets which allow sales forecast such as Andorra, Puerto Rico or the Philippines. How to cite International Business Entry Modes, Papers

The Three Musketeers Analysis Essay Example For Students

The Three Musketeers Analysis Essay DArtagnan goes to France to become a Musketeer. But on his way he gets into a fight with a tall ,dark haired nobleman with a scar on his right cheek. He sees the man talking to a woman named Milady de Winter. DArtagnan finally finds the captain of the musketeers Monsieur de Treville. DArtagnan sees the man that defeated him and runs afterhim. But on his way he runs over wounded Athos and he also runs into Porthos. He ranthrough the street but could not find the man. Athos gets mad and challenges DArtagnanto a duel. But when they were about to fight five Cardinal Guards attack them, andDArtagnan is rewarded for his bravery. One day his landlord comes to him with afavor and he excepts it because he has not paid his bill for three months rent. Constance Bonacieux was kidnapped. While he is telling his friends the whole storyhe hears his landlord yelling because he was being arrested. But they do not save himfor if they get arrested then they will not be able to rescue him. At night he heard someone crying. He looked through the hole on the floor of his apartment, and saw the guards tying up a young woman. He brakes the door and scares the guards away. Shethanks him and they fall in love .He then guides her safely to the palace where she is a maid for the Queen of France. But a man comes beside her and DArtagnan isabout to fight him but she stops them and tells DArtagnan that it is only theDuke of Buckingham and that he has come to meet the Queen. The Queentells him to leave because he might be in danger .He asks her to give him somethingto remember her by ,so she gives him a ribbon with twelve diamonds on it. She didnt know but on of her maids were spying on her, the maid immediatelyreported it to Richelieu. Richelieu told the King to schedule a ball in ten days in the Queens honor. He told Milady de Winter to steal two of the diamonds from theribbon to show the King that his Queen gave it to another man. Constance asks DArtagnan to tell the Duke about the ribbon, and the Queens danger. TheDuke gets someone to make a pair that looks just the same so he can get the Queenout of great danger. The Cardinals plan is ruined and he wants to get revenge. She gets him to like her and do to whatever she tells him/ her maid warns himand he finds out that she has the brand of the executioner. He escapes from herand shows Athos her brooch. He now knows she didnt die. The Cardinal sees themusketeers and asks them to go back with him to the inn. Athos starts to hear voicesfrom a pipe. They leave and he goes to Miladys room. He tells her to give him thewarrant and she does because she doesnt want him to kill her. She does getrevenge though she gets another man to help and fall in love with her. He gets her on a boat and tells her to wait for him. DArtagnans servant is on the same but when he gets to the Duke he is already dead. He gets arrested and everyone is sad. On the way back Planchet recognizes Milady and Rochefort in a carriage. He over-hears them saying that Constance is at Bethune and that they are going there. .ue63b23750ab9aef9edc868f1335d8990 , .ue63b23750ab9aef9edc868f1335d8990 .postImageUrl , .ue63b23750ab9aef9edc868f1335d8990 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue63b23750ab9aef9edc868f1335d8990 , .ue63b23750ab9aef9edc868f1335d8990:hover , .ue63b23750ab9aef9edc868f1335d8990:visited , .ue63b23750ab9aef9edc868f1335d8990:active { border:0!important; } .ue63b23750ab9aef9edc868f1335d8990 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue63b23750ab9aef9edc868f1335d8990 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue63b23750ab9aef9edc868f1335d8990:active , .ue63b23750ab9aef9edc868f1335d8990:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue63b23750ab9aef9edc868f1335d8990 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue63b23750ab9aef9edc868f1335d8990 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue63b23750ab9aef9edc868f1335d8990 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue63b23750ab9aef9edc868f1335d8990 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue63b23750ab9aef9edc868f1335d8990:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue63b23750ab9aef9edc868f1335d8990 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue63b23750ab9aef9edc868f1335d8990 .ue63b23750ab9aef9edc868f1335d8990-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue63b23750ab9aef9edc868f1335d8990:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Bipolar disorder 3 EssayMilady lies to the nun and tells her she wants to see Madame Bonacieux. Milady orders food and tells Constance to eat. She pours Constance wineand puts red powder in it. By the time they get there Constance is already dead. DArtagnan kills Rochefort and Athos ties up Milady and locks her in the carriage. A man with a mask over his face comes back with Athos. They all ride to a river and get off their horses. The man takes Milady out of the carriage anputs her on the ground. Then they each tell her crimes. Then the executioner tells his story. Then he takes off his mask and she knows who he is .She says that he is The executioner of Lille, the man who branded Her. He then grabs her by the arm and puts her in a boat tied up. He takes her to the other shore and stabbed her with his sword. The men on the other side could hear her scream of terror, and horror.

The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber Essay Example Essay Example

The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber Essay Example Paper The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber Essay Introduction Francis Macomber became the centre of humiliation after displaying his cowardice in front of his wife, Margot, and the Safari hunter, Robert Wilson. The three had gone to hunt down a lion from which Macomber had fled with fright while Wilson had shot it. As a result, Margot even slept with Wilson, whom she considered a better man, that very night. After resolving his actions, in order to demonstrate his bravery, Macomber managed to shoot three buffaloes the next day and stood ground while facing a charging beast. Just as he was enjoying his moment of becoming a man, Margot shot him in his head either because she was trying to protect him or she loathed her husband transforming into a powerful man. That explained why Francis Macomber had a happy but a very short life. Context Third person omniscient narrator Unbiased view of each character – Their actions and reactions; contrasting and complex emotions, even those of an animal The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber Essay Body Paragraphs Reveals important facts which cannot be done so with a narrow-minded first person view Alternation of narrative – Further insights into thoughts and personality of the characters Lion: â€Å".the lion looked huge.his shoulders heavy, his barrel of a body bulking smoothly.he saw a man figure detach itself from it and he turned his heavy head and swung away.felt the slam of a .30-06 220–grain solid bullet that bit his flank and ripped in sudden hot scalding nausea through his stomach.† Wilson: â€Å"Hope the silly beggar doesn’t take a notion to blow the back of my head off. Women are a nuisance on safari.† An initiation (passage of rite) story in which Macomber realizes that manhood cannot be achieved with wealth and possession but only with overcoming dangers and challenging nature sufferings, in this case, hunting; killing threatening wild beasts on the African safari. Setting African safari – A dangerous area where tourists enjoy hunting in order to display their strength and courage as men; Irony for Francis Macomber. These tourists are mostly white men (Americans) who have come to invade the territory of the African wildlife – racism. Familiarity of the setting since Hemmingway himself went on a safari around 1935-36. An American couple away from the luxuries and conveniences of American life, facing a beautiful foreign landscape full of dangers and threats. Plot Conflict: Francis Macomber’s humiliation for fleeing from the lion – Reader abhors Macomber’s cowardice, agreeing with Margot. Climax: Macomber’s recollection of the embarrassing moment, negation of himself and his resolve to change – Reader sympathizes with him while despising Margot. Resolution: Macomber’s accession to manhood interrupted by Margot – Reader admires Macomber but immediately gets shocked by his murder by Margot: Daydreams Vs Shock of reality; the hunter becomes the prey. Characters Francis Macomber – Protagonist of the story. A wealthy 35 year old American on a hunt with his wife and an English guide on the African safari. At first, he was seen as a coward. His fear was evident by the way he reacted to his insulting wife who he considered a beauty since he was not courageous enough to chase other beautiful young girls. This became very obvious during the lion chase. Upon hearing the lion roaring at night: â€Å".there was no one to tell he was afraid.† Giving excuses not to confront the lion: â€Å"Can’t we sent the beaters?†, â€Å"What about the gun-bearers?†, â€Å"Why not leave him there?†; He was â€Å"trembling.a pitiful look on his face.† Facing the lion charging at the party: â€Å"The next thing he knew, he was running; running.in panic.toward the stream.† Macomber seems to be on the safari just because hunting is what men usually do but not because of he wants to. However, he undergoes a radical change from a coward ‘American-boy’ to a brave ‘man’ when he stands ground against a charging buffalo. At that moment, he finds pleasure and strongly believes that his life will change; there is a shift in power from his harassing wife, Margot Macomber, to him. â€Å"I feel absolutely different.† â€Å"I’d like to try another lion. I’m really not afraid of them now.† â€Å"Macomber had stood solid and shot for the nose.hitting the heavy horns, splintering and chipping them like hitting a slate roof.† Only when Macomber had finally reached the climax (manhood) of his life, he died at the hands of his wife. Margaret Margot Macomber – Can be considered the antagonist of the story unless the reader sympathizes with her. A beautiful American woman married to Francis Macomber. She was a vicious, selfish, scheming, cold-hearted woman who had married Macomber only because of his money. â€Å"She was an extremely handsome and well-kept woman of the beauty and social position which had, five years before, commanded five thousand dollars as the price of endorsing, with photographs, a beauty product which she had never used.† Margot abhorred her husband’s cowardice and using it as an advantage, cheated on him as a punishment by kissing Robert Wilson, the English hunting guide and even sleeping with him. â€Å"Margot was too beautiful for Macomber to divorce her and Macomber had too much money.† Her infidelity and insults towards Macomber, which had also occurred even before the safari, supported the fact that readers were to dislike her. However, when Macomber metamorphosed into a brave man, she feared that she would lose the power and dominance over him. The very reason was the cause of her husband’s murder. The other reason is to protect him from the charging buffalo. When Macomber was being praised by Wilson, she said with jealousy, â€Å"You’re both talking rot. Ju st because you’ve chased some helpless animals in a motor car you talk like heroes.† â€Å"You’ve gotten awfully brave, awfully suddenly,† she said contemptuously, but her contempt was not secure. She was very afraid of something. Robert Wilson – A character the reader gets closest to. A rugged, handsome English hunting guide. In contrast to Macomber, he is full of experience and has seen lots of men entering manhood during the hunts on the African safari. Despite his admirable character, he is seen to be a womanizer as he usually sleeps with his clients’ wives, even Mrs. Macomber. Still, he remained as a unique, detached character who made clever observations of the American couple, acting as a narrator occasionally. Towards the end of the story, his view that Mrs. Macomber was a cruel yet attractive woman did not change, but he saw Francis’s entry into manhood. He also had a clear understanding why Margot had killed her husband. â₠¬Å"Why didn’t you poison him? That’s what they do in England.† Literary Devices Foreshadowing – The title presents the reader with the knowledge that he is about to witness a certain event of the protagonist which is pleasurable but short. The setting, the wild African safari, indicates that the Francis is about to undergo the challenge of the landscape and its dangerous beasts. Style – Vocabulary and sentence structure is simple, Brief description and focus on dialogues – Lively and refreshing. Hemmingway used the ‘theory of omission’ so that readers can interpret the partial facts that he has written. Irony Fear: Macomber’s cowardice is shifted to Margot when he managed to bring down the buffalo; Margot’s power and dominance is, in turn, lost to Macomber. Predator becomes prey: Macomber hunting lion to demonstrate his courage; Lion chases him displaying his cowardice, Macomber shooting the buffalo to show his br avery; Margot kills him in fear of his confidence. Margot looks down on the men for shooting buffaloes from the car and yet, she kills Macomber from the car herself. Symbolism Car Francis Macomber was sitting at the front seat before he displayed his cowardice, his position was shifted to the rear seat, showing how much his status had sunk. The same thing happened to Margot after she realized that her husband had become a dominant, powerful figure. Associated with fear – an escape route from the threats of the African beasts Animals – Similarity to their human hunters: Macomber fled like a ‘rabbit’ when he faced the ‘lion,’ which was killed despite being the fierce king of the African plains. Macomber, too, was shot dead when he became a brave figure by bringing down a charging ‘buffalo’ (indication of achieving manhood), resembling the lion. Guns – Manliness, Courage, Respect, Survival Robert Wilson has ‘machi ne-gunner’s eyes’ – manly and courageous Francis Macomber is trembling while he holds his gun – coward Themes Flaws of the upper-class American society – Wilson’s racist view of the Macombers is also Hemmingway’s point of view. He thinks they are ‘damned strange people.’ He describes Francis Macomber as an â€Å"American boy-men† (a man acting like a boy) and Margot Macomber as ‘the hardest, the cruelest, the most predatory and the most attractive and their men have softened or gone to pieces nervously as they have hardened. seen enough of their damn terrorism’ (sexual attraction of American women but is disgusted with their infidelity). Men and Masculinity (Courage) – Men prove their masculinity by hunting down ferocious wild animals; Francis Macomber’s initial boyish characteristic (coward and weak) is a contrast to a manly, respectful one of Robert Wilson (courageous and strong). Cour age is intertwined with masculinity and it is the reason to pay one respect and self-worth. Macomber has lacked courage by fleeing from the lion as well as repeating his humiliation. Coming of Age – Macomber gaining courage and power when he discovers true manhood in hunting rather than in wealth. Women and Femininity – The only female character in the story, Margot Macomber, is presented as a mystery; whether her intentions are pitiful or not, or if she has killed Francis â€Å"accidentally.† Still, her beauty and wits which lead to her power and dominance over her husband is a destruction and brings harm to Francis’ masculinity. Violence Physical – Wilson threatens the servants with beatings thinking they would prefer punishment rather than losing money; Hunting down buffaloes from a car; Margot shooting Macomber in the head like hunting down a beast. Psychological – Margot tormenting her husband with her insults and infidelity. Marriage – Margot’s beauty and Macomber’s wealth – Dispute between wife and husband – Margot begins to sleep with other men but Macomber dares not anger her and at the same time, Margot realizes his fear to lose her. Conclusion â€Å"The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber† is one of Ernest Hemmingway’s short stories in which the protagonist, Francis Macomber, becomes a man which, according to Hemmingway, can be gained by hunting down fierce wild animals. The story has a depressing content, yet, is a very realistic and captivating portrayal of human nature; illusions can be shattered by the shock of reality (demonstrated by immediate end of Francis Macomber’s happy life brought about by his jealous wife, Margot). We will write a custom essay sample on The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber Essay Example specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Powers of Base Ten From Trillions to Trillionths

Powers of Base Ten From Trillions to Trillionths What do you call different powers of ten and what are their values? It can be confusing when you read about billions, and then suddenly shift to billionths. Lets take a look at the values and names of the powers of ten. What Does a Power Mean? Exponents and ScientificNotation Raising a number to a power means that you multiply it by itself. The number itself would be that number to the power of one. When you multiply it by itself, it is now that number to the power of two. The power is designated as an exponent with a small superscript number following the number itself. Ten is an easy number to visualize with powers, as you can think of the exponent number as being the number of zeros to put behind the one. Ten to the zero power is 10 divided by 10, or 1 with no zeroes behind it, which equals one. Ten to the second power is a 1 followed by two zeroes, or 100. When you divide a number by itself more than once, the power (or exponent) value is negative. A -1 power means you have divided a number by itself twice (10/10/10) and a -2 power means you have divided a number by itself three times (10/10/10/10). In the case of 10, since 10 to the zero power is one, it is easier to think of one being divided 10 in the increments shown in the exponent. Powers of Ten Trillions 1012 1,000,000,000,00010 x 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 1,000,000,000,000 Billions 109 1,000,000,00010 x 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 1,000,000,000 Millions 106 1,000,00010 x 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 1,000,000 Hundred Thousands 105 100,00010 x 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 100,000 Ten Thousands 104 10,00010 x 10 x 10 x 10 10,000 Thousands 103 1,00010 x 10 x 10 1,000 Hundreds 102 10010 x 10 100 Tens 101 10 Ones 100 1 Tenths 10-1 1/1 1 1/101/10 0.1 Hundredths 10-2 1/102 1/1001/10/10 0.01 Thousandths 10-3 1/103Â   1/10001 / 10 / 10 / 10 0.001 Ten Thousandths 10-4 1/104 1/10,0001 / 10 / 10 / 10 / 10 0.0001 Hundred Thousandths 10-5 1/105 1/100,0001 /10 /10 / 10 / 10 / 10 0.00001 Millionths 10-6 1/106 1/1,000,0001 / 10 / 10 / 10 / 10 / 10 / 10 0.000001 Billionths 10-9 1/109 1/1,000,000,0001 / 10 / 10 / 10 / 10 / 10 / 10 / 10 / 10 / 10 0.000000001 Trillionths 10-12 1/1012 1/1,000,000,000,0001 / 10 / 10 / 10 / 10 / 10 / 10 / 10 / 10 / 10 / 10 / 10 / 10 0.000000001 See more names of numbers that are powers of ten, including the octillion, googol, and googolplex. Lessons With Powers of Ten Powers of Ten Multiplication Worksheets: See worksheets you can use to practice multiplying two- and three-digit numbers by different powers of ten. These seven worksheet variations can be used to practice multiplication. Each sheet has 20 numbers and asks you to multiply them by 10, 100, 1000, 10,000 or 100,000. Edited by Anne Marie Helmenstine, Ph.D.

Causes and Effects of Gravity

Causes and Effects of Gravity Ahmed Emad Hassab Elnabi Gravitational Force â€Å"’You may hate gravity, but gravity doesn’t care.’ Clayton Christensen†. This Harvard teacher was directing this quotation to students like me because it is a force that cannot be viewed. Gravity is a field force exerted by an object to attract another object towards its center. In a simplified manner, it is an intangible, non-contact force that cannot be seen, but is existent between all objects. Gravitational force in a mathematical perspective is the mass of an object multiplied by gravitational acceleration. It is one of the fundamental forces of the universe that maintains planets, solar systems and galaxies. In the last couple of centuries, gravity became understood through Galileo, Brahe, Kepler, Newton and Einstein. Before the last 300 years, some only superficially understood gravity and others neglected the concept of having a field. In ancient times, civilizations believed that the skies and systems were held by divine power. Over they years, loads of scientists and philosophers tried to explain such a ‘magical’ phenomenon. In 1610, Galileo created a modern telescope. He used it to observe different planets’ behaviors. He focused on Earth and Venus; consequently he realized that they both revolve around the sun in a similar pattern. Therefore, he concluded that there’s a force that causes this spectacle. In the same time existed Kepler and Brahe. Kepler used Brahe’s astronomical data to conclude that planets revolve around the sun in an elliptical motion and that Earth has the same orbits around the sun; thus, he discovered that gravity creates seasons. Then, came the father of physics and creator of laws of motion, Isaac Newton. He was one of the first to explain the theory of mutual interaction, through his law of Universal Gravitation. It states that any and every two bodies in the universe attract each other with a force directly p roportional to their masses and inversely proportion to the square of the distance between them. Thus objects like Newton’s apple is pulled to the earth and vice versa; the earth and planets are pulled towards the sun and vice versa. Finally, Albert Einstein, who is the most renounced genius, proposed a new theory. He said that gravity is the result of space and time being bent, general theory of relativity. He also theorized that enormous masses alter space and time because they deflect light, thus creating gravity. Skeptics denounced his theory, but time proved this theory right when astronauts went to space and found out that a clock is quicker away from earth. There are many misconceptions about gravity because there are many different explanations to it. First, people think that gravitational force doesn’t exist between humans, but it does exist between every object in the universe. However, the gravitational pull by earth is much stronger than the force exerted b y humans because of its huge mass. Second, some thinks that gravity occurs through a mixture of gases, the air. However, gravity occurs between planets and suns, where there is no air, vacuum. Third some think that gravitational acceleration (a=f/m) in free-fall decreases because of the force of gravity of other objects. However, air pressure causes this occurrence but gravitational acceleration is constant at 9.81 m/s. Fourth, people claim that we are supposed to be pulled to mars or the moon also. On the other hand, they don’t take into consideration the factor of distance and that earth is we are too far from the moon or mars. Fifth, some say that there is no gravitational force between Pluto and Earth. This is not true because gravitational force exists between all the objects in the universe. No matter how minute it can be, it is never zero. Sixth, a person might claim that his mass changes on the moon, but mass is constant; it is weight that changes depending on the gra vitational pull. Seventh, one would think that we must be pulled to the Earth’s core since that is stated in Newton’s law of universal gravity. However, Newton also said in his third law that the Earth’s floor has an equal and opposing force to the gravitational force. Finally, one could claim that there is no gravitational force exerted on bacteria since they float. This statement is false because its mass is insignificant, gravitational force exerted by Earth on them is very small that it seemingly doesn’t affect them.

Social Media Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Social Media - Assignment Example k is convenient and easy to get started with on your own procedures since it involves active participation in your Facebook page and promoting marketing developments in the page that is visible to other people who use Facebook website. Today, the social network has over 400 million members. Therefore, in social media marketing, Facebook becomes incredibly beneficial in promoting products across the globe through the use of social media (Evans, 2010.p 15). The procedures of using Facebook include registering a business page and keeping personal photos and information in isolation. Additionally, filling out the aspects of business profile, especially email and website address (Tuten & Solomon, 2013). This makes it simpler for other people and customers to find a company off of Facebook and still transact business activities. Besides, in the Facebook page, one can advertise specials and offer coupon codes to fans. Facebook advertising is fairly priced and gives an opportunity to market audiences by age, location and gender. The keywords in their profiles and other items can be found in the Facebook page to market more audiences and products. In this paper, Facebook has been discussed as the major social media outlet with components of a legally astute Facebook marketing manager, methods of alternative dispute resolution, consumer transactions on Facebook, branches of government, agency relationship and finally, media providers and business that utilize social network site for advertising (Funk, 2013.p 19) Four components exists as a legally astute manager (1) setting value laden attitudes based on the importance of law to firm success (2) proactive tactic to ruling (3) ability to exercise informed judgment when managing legal aspects of business and finally (4) the context of specific knowledge of law and appropriate use of legal tools (The Role Of the Media, 2004). A good manager needs to set overloaded attitudes towards obedience of laws that govern the firm for

Nokia Company Product Marketing Plan Assignment

Nokia Company Product Marketing Plan - Assignment Example Nokia Corporation is one of the major global producers of mobile phones, serving consumers in more than 130 countries. Nokia is separated into 4 business groups which include Mobile phones, Multimedia, Enterprise Solutions and Networks. The Nokia group, promotes wireless voice and data products in consumer and corporate markets. The Nokia solution group manufactures wireless phone for use in the corporate sector. Wireless broadcast and switching equipment is sold (Nokia, 2012).In the beginning of 1960, Nokia started to diversify in an effort to change the company into Regional Corporation with increase in interests outside Finnish borders. Being unable to begin effective internal development, the company turned its focus into achievement. However, the local government realized to decrease two underperforming local industries which supported Nokia’s development within the country and encouraged its eventual merger with â€Å"Finnish Rubber Works†, which was founded in 18 98, and â€Å"Finnish cable works†, which was formed in 1912, to form Nokia Corporation.In 1967, Nokia started a division to demonstrate design and manufacturing abilities in data processing industrial computerization and communications systems. The division was later expanded and made into several divisions, which then concentrated on developing information system, including personal computer and workplace, digital communication system and mobile phones. Nokia’s essential focus was development of the electronics sector.... Eco-friendly Mobile. This paper shows how Nokia can develop a marketing plan by implementing their past strategies, which the company has already applied. Firstly, in this paper, it shows the brief background about the company and its existing products and also shows the company’s past strategies i.e. how Nokia achieved its brand name and goodwill in past and current market situations. Next, it highlights the company’s situation analysis and overall study of internal and external factors through different marketing tools. For examining the situation analysis of Nokia’s market PEST analysis, competitor and consumer analysis have been applied. In internal analysis, it depicts the company’s current position in the market and the current data on brand performance of Nokia. This marketing plan also provides information of the company’s basic goals and objectives and shows after launching the Eco-friendly product, within this 12 months campaign, what can be expected regarding the fulfillment of their goals and objectives. Then, in this paper, Nokia’s target market and customers of their eco-friendly product has been analyzed and this paper also provides a clear picture regarding how the company segments their market for their eco-friendly product using four perspectives of segmentation. The marketing mix strategy of Nokia’s eco-friendly mobile using 4P’s has been provided. Certain evaluation and control methods have been provided which shows how the company can evaluate their market performance when they would launch their new eco-friendly product. An action plan is also provided which highlights the various elements of marketing plan through â€Å"Gantt chart† of 12 months campaign. 2 Table of Contents 3

Sense Perception Essay Example for Free

Sense Perception Essay Maurits Corneluis Echecher (1898-1972) is one of the most famous graphical artists. He used to use maths in his art to trick peoples senses. Some of his paintings are used for atmosphere ideas in movies, for example inception. Magicians also play with our senses and trick us. The method they use is known as smoke and mirrors. The expression smoke and mirrors has now entered our everyday language in English it refers to deceptive behaviour, actions or information. What does red mean? Love, dangeretc. But it can also be a corporate symbol (vodaphone), a political symbol (like communist flag) communists were called the reds. Red can also be an artistic symbol, symbol of danger, sports team, red can take the significance of health (red cross). Iconoclastic when you cannot have use any religious symbols, like in Islam. In the mosque there are no statues, just quotes from the Koran. Whenever we perceive something the meaning changes depending on the context, the meaning depends on the context. What makes up this context ? * The history of the people. * The culture of the people. * The political views of the people. * Emotions. * The environment surrounding us (if were in a museum, class etc.) John Locke was the founder of the school of Empiricism he said that the human mind is born as a tabula rasa (clean slate). He believes we are born with nothing and no skills, he thinks that we gain ideas, skills and knowledge throughout our lifes. This means that context that provides the meanings to the things we perceive is not something were born with, but something we learn. Gestalt psychology (school of thought), it argues that we shouldnt understand perception as an individual phenomena, but as a whole because the result is more than the part of it. This theory may be applied to many things ex. a movie or a painting. This applies to the way we interpret other individuals and human actions, this is what we call social perception. Social perception is also related to the we dress up. Social perception also leads to racism, think of Germans and Jews.

Criticism Of Shame :: essays research papers

Criticism of Shame Shame, published in 1983, a year before his most famous work The Satanic Verses, presents a fabulistic account in a country that disturbingly represents Pakistan. Critically, Shame is compared to Midnight’s Children because the of its resemblances in themes and style. The idea for Shame, reported interviewer Ronal Hayman in Books and Bookmen, grew out of Rushdie’s interest in the Pakistani concept of sharam, a word that denotes a hybrid of embarrassment, discomfiture, decency, modesty, and a sense of having an ordained place in the world. Reaction to Shame was mostly positive; many applauded the style of Rushdie’s work and the themes it presented . Many critics appreciated the subject matter and presentation of Rushdie’s work. Cathleen Medwick in Vogue stated, "His new novel. . . reveals the writer in sure control of his extravagant, mischievous, graceful, polemical imagination. (414, Editor) "Magic realism", a technique often employed by Rushdie is essential to the structure of how the story of the book is conveyed. Michael Gorra’s characterization of Rushdie’s style stated, "His prose prances, a declaration of freedom, an assertion that Shame can be whatever he wants it to be coy and teasing an ironic and brutal all at once. . .[Rushdie’s work] is responsive to the world rather than removed from it, and it is because of this responsiveness that the mode in which he work represents the continued life of the novel. . . and one wants something better to describe it that the term ‘magical realism’— is an assertion of individual freedom in a world where freedom is strangle. . . "(360, Editor) Christopher Lehmann-Haupt boldly asserts, "If Mr. Rushdie had followed [the logic of realistic psychology] in Shame, he would have robbed his novel of its spectral magic, its breakdown of narrative logic that allows time to rush suddenly forward and reveal the end of things, or permits characters to be reincarnated in each other. He would have robbed his novel of the truth—not precisely the truth of the parable or allegory or myth, but the truth of a narrative that describes a world apart and is a system accurate and logical only unto itself"(356, Editor) Lehmann-Haupt then goes on to compare Shame to Midnight’s Children: ". . .this doesn’t begin to account for the extravagantly tragicomic nightmare evoked by Shame, which does for Pakistan what Mr. Rushdie’s equally remarkable first novel, Midnight’s Children did for Inida.

References for Motivation

Allen, R. S. ; White, C. S. (2002). Equity sensitivity theory: A test of responses to two types of under-reward situations: JMI JMI. Journal of Managerial Issues. 14 (4), 435-451. Buchanan, D. A. ; Huczynski, A. A. (2010). Organizational Behaviour. 7th ed. Harlow: Pearson Education Limited. 819. Fadil, P. A. ; Williams, R. J. ; Limpaphayom, W. ; Smatt, C. (2005). Equity or Equality? A Conceptual Examination of the Influence of Individualism/Collectivism on the Cross-Cultural Application of Equity Theory. Cross Cultural Management: An International Journal. 12 (4), 17-35. Gambrel, P. A; Cianci, R. (2003).Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs: Does It Apply In A Collectivist Culture. Journal of Applied Management and Entrepreneurship. 8 (2), 143-161. Huseman, R. C. ; Hatfield, J. D. ; Miles, E. W. (1987). A New Perspective on Equity Theory: The Equity Sensitivity Construct. The Academy of Management Review. 12 (2), 222-234. Robbins, S. P. ; Judge, T. A. ; Campbell, T. T. (2010). Organizational B ehaviour. Harlow: Pearson Education Limited. 589. Sadri, G. ; Bowen, R. Clarke. (2011). Meeting EMPLOYEE requirements: Maslow's hierarchy of needs is still a reliable guide to motivating staff. Industrial Engineer: IE. 3 (10), 44-48. Sheldrake, J. (2003). Management Theory. 2nd ed. Derby: Thomson Learning. 257. Shore, T. H. (2004). Equity sensitivity theory: do we all want more than we deserve?. Journal of Managerial Psychology. 19 (7), 722-728. Steers, R. M. ; Mowday, R. T. ; Shapiro, D. L.. (2004). Introduction to Special Topic Forum: The Future of Work Motivation Theory. The Academy of Management Review. 29 (3), 379-387. Wahba, M. A. ; Bridwell, L. G.. (1976). Maslow Reconsidered: A Review of Research on the Need Hierarchy Theory. Organizational behaviour and human performance. 15 (1), 212-240.

Art Opinion

When the word â€Å"art† comes to mind, I think about a painting. I think about the colors blending together to create an image. However, thinking a little more I think about a sculpture and its smooth, about the story and emotions it expresses. Art in general for me is something beautiful and expressive. Although beautiful as well, I never thought about architecture in the category of art until this week’s reading. In this week’s reading about the Parthenon, it is interesting to learn the background of classical Greece and the great efforts that were made to create art in order to reflect the greatness of Greece. All throughout, the Parthenon has been referred to and analyzed as a work of art. At first, I thought it was strange because I would never think of a building itself as art. I was just saw see it as some physical location. However, I realized that my definition of art might have been faulty. I realized art can be any product of creativity that was meant for one to observe visually and analyze. It was meant as a means of expression. The Parthenon, in my opinion, definitely falls into that category. In the reading Art and Experience in Classical Greece, I learn that the Parthenon incorporates different modes of art from architecture to sculpture deliberately for political, cultural, and religious purposes. It is a reflection and â€Å"glorification of Athens as a political power and cultural ideal† (Pollitt 65) through its grandeur. Such grandeur is evident in things such as the â€Å"thickening of its corner columns†¦and the curvature of horizontals† (Pollitt 66). Each part from the columns to the sculpting on it seems to have a purpose. I think especially for its time as J. J. Pollitt appears to be conveying, this was and still is an impressive work of art.

Free Essays on Frankenstein - a Comparrison

A Comparison of extracts from Mary Shelly’s ‘Frankenstein’ and Susan Hills ‘Woman in Black’ of their Effectiveness and Creation of Tension I am intending to review an extract from two pieces of pre and post 19th Century text, in the hope of pinpointing the effectiveness and ways of creating tension in a Gothic Horror story. There are ways in which to define Gothic Horror, i.e., the simple plots, rather supernatural events, the specific definition between their complex and vivid descriptions, particular focus on terror and horror and the intense descriptions of the landscape and weather. The pre century text is that of Mary Shelly’s ‘Frankenstein’, this is about a scientist called Frankenstein (last name), who was a rather prosperous man, but with various parts of dead bodies created a new, extraordinarily strong and powerful being, which does not know wrong from right, who kills many people. He blames his detestable existence on the scientist Frankenstein and goes about a way of ruining his life. Firstly by setting up Frankenstein’s girlfriend’s sister for the death of Frankenstein’s young sister, at this the sister is hanged. After the marriage of Frankenstein to his girlfriend, on their honeymoon night the monster kills his wife. When Frankenstein discovers her he goes crazy and recreates her with outer body parts. When she awakes she is hysterical and kills herself, leaving Frankenstein distraught and helpless. Later the monster returns to find Frankenstein dead and he kills himself. It is set in a couple of places, but it is a period drama, set mainly in London at the time of the Great Plague. But is also set in snow-capped mountains and the Swiss Alps. The post century text, is by Susan Hill, a story called ‘Woman in Black’. It is about a young lawyer who travels to Norfolk in hope of settling the affairs of one of his clients. While there he has what seems like a vision of a woman dressed simply i... Free Essays on Frankenstein - a Comparrison Free Essays on Frankenstein - a Comparrison A Comparison of extracts from Mary Shelly’s ‘Frankenstein’ and Susan Hills ‘Woman in Black’ of their Effectiveness and Creation of Tension I am intending to review an extract from two pieces of pre and post 19th Century text, in the hope of pinpointing the effectiveness and ways of creating tension in a Gothic Horror story. There are ways in which to define Gothic Horror, i.e., the simple plots, rather supernatural events, the specific definition between their complex and vivid descriptions, particular focus on terror and horror and the intense descriptions of the landscape and weather. The pre century text is that of Mary Shelly’s ‘Frankenstein’, this is about a scientist called Frankenstein (last name), who was a rather prosperous man, but with various parts of dead bodies created a new, extraordinarily strong and powerful being, which does not know wrong from right, who kills many people. He blames his detestable existence on the scientist Frankenstein and goes about a way of ruining his life. Firstly by setting up Frankenstein’s girlfriend’s sister for the death of Frankenstein’s young sister, at this the sister is hanged. After the marriage of Frankenstein to his girlfriend, on their honeymoon night the monster kills his wife. When Frankenstein discovers her he goes crazy and recreates her with outer body parts. When she awakes she is hysterical and kills herself, leaving Frankenstein distraught and helpless. Later the monster returns to find Frankenstein dead and he kills himself. It is set in a couple of places, but it is a period drama, set mainly in London at the time of the Great Plague. But is also set in snow-capped mountains and the Swiss Alps. The post century text, is by Susan Hill, a story called ‘Woman in Black’. It is about a young lawyer who travels to Norfolk in hope of settling the affairs of one of his clients. While there he has what seems like a vision of a woman dressed simply i...

B minor Mass Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

B minor Mass - Essay Example His positive position in the society had offered him opportunities to improve with his craft, including Mass in B-Minor. The composition is greatly influenced by the composer’s religious views, his personal connections and traditions of his time. About Mass in B-Minor The Mass in B minor was composed by Bach for the Roman Catholic Church. Although it is quite peculiar to think why a devout Lutheran would compose a song for the Catholics, Bach’s relationship with the rest of the society and his roles on it could justify this contrasting idea. The work is consisted of 27 sections divided into four major sections, and six of them are distinctively unchanging and all of which were written in different periods of Bach’s life. Therefore, it is logical to assume that the work is basically â€Å"an anthology† of music written by Bach in the late years of his life (Towe, 1991: 46). The major sections, â€Å"Kyrie,† â€Å"Gloria,† â€Å"Symbolum Nicen um or the Credo,† and â€Å"Sanctus, Hosanna, Benedictus, and Agnus Dei† were written for different purposes in different times; although all of which have a lot to do with the religious proceedings of the Catholic Mass. As how Spitta (n.d.) reviewed the composition, the work is â€Å"the ideal and ‘concentrated presentiment’ of the development of Christianity from Sin (Kyrie), through Atonement with Christ (Gloria), to the Church proceeding from him (Credo) and the memorial supper - the culmination of the doctrine (Sanctus...)† (as cited in Jenkins, 2001); while a lay-man observation would notice the pattern of life Christ followed: birth, death, and resurrection. Kyrie and Gloria Initially, the Kyrie and Gloria were written separately; it was not until 1733 that the two collections were put into one and played in a single setting and became the â€Å"two fifths of the entire work† (â€Å"History,† 2007). Kyrie and Gloria served as a à ¢â‚¬Å"presentation piece to the Elector of Saxony and King of Poland† with whom Bach had indulgence of being the Court Composer (Towe, 1991: 46). The Kyrie is presented to have charming duets of sopranos and interplay or strings and organ (Aylesbury Choral Society, 2004), of which Bach first gained his fame. It started out with a group of choral sopranos, where the ambiance can be best described as an act of awaiting for a predestined suffering; an event where Jesus Christ is particularly famed for. Talbeck (n.d.) noted that the second part of the Kyrie has â€Å"fugal style weaves all voice parts beautifully around the text, portraying a community grounded in hope.† The major sections were divided into several cantatas, which probably were composed also at different times. Most notably, his â€Å"Gloria,† as how the Aylesbury Choral Society (2004) predicts, â€Å"was probably reworked from a now lost instrumental movement.† The cantatas have duets of teno rs, sopranos, a combination of both, and an exploration of other voice ranges to suit the purpose. Symbolum Nicenum The introduction of the â€Å"Symbolum Nicenum† has a slower tempo, where the strings were audibly significant, compared to that of â€Å"Gloria† and denotes ascendance to the throne. The original text is in Latin, but if translated into English, it is known to be the Apostle’s Creed (e.g. Credo in unum Deum, Patrem omnipotentem as I believe in one God, Father Almighty in English). Thus, the Symbolum Nicenum is also known as the â€Å"

Motivation in Business Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Motivation in Business - Assignment Example There are many reasons why it is important to have a highly motivated workforce and all of them have become integral parts of the bottom line, to give something positive for the organization’s performance, especially in a highly competitive environment. In this paper, the author tries to incorporate some reasons why it is important to have a highly motivated workforce in an organization. From the perspective of a business consultant, some important moves in order to increase the motivation of employees and the implementation of these actions are discussed. The importance of motivation Motivation has varying definitions because there are different approaches that could explain it including instinct, drive, arousal, incentive, cognitive, and the hierarchy of needs (Feldman, 2003). At some point, it is more effective to combine all these approaches in order to explain what motivation is all about. For example, an individual’s effort to survive after an accident can be expl ained as an impact of his instinct to survive, then he would seek for medical help from the perspective of drive-reduction, and then his expectation that the doctors could help him can be justified using the cognitive perspective (Feldman, 2003). Applying the concept of motivation at work is important for the organization to tap the maximum potential of its workforce. ...Although, for instance, the lack of creativity may not simply imply a lack of motivation because not all people are creative in nature or has the ability to be creative. Fortunately, employees can be motivated in order to achieve the expected energy, commitment, and creativity. Energy It is important to motivate employees because motivation can actually provide them with the energy they need in order to perform their maximum function. From the point of view of Herzberg’s two-factor theory, employee’s satisfaction at work can significantly provide them with substantially high energy in order to do what they are expected of (French et al., 2008). However, Herzberg just emphasized that employees should have the ability and opportunity prior to motivating them.

Identify the main cause , both direct and indirect of the civil war Research Paper

Identify the main cause , both direct and indirect of the civil war. Explain how they led to the civil war. What was the most im - Research Paper Example In the years before the Civil War all the issues were centered on the issue of slavery. This started with the debates made on the three-fifths clause on the Constitutional Convention of 1787. It further proceeded with the Compromise of 1820, the anti-slavery Gag Rule, the Nullification Crisis, and finally the Compromise of 1850. In the first half of the nineteenth century slavery was supported by the Southern politicians. They maintained the control of the federal government. Though they had most of their Presidents hailing from the South, they were very serious about maintaining a balance of power in the Senate. New states joined the Union and several compromises appeared to keep an equal number of free and slave states. In 1820, Missouri joined as a slave state and Maine came as a free state. The balance got disrupted in 1850 as Southerners allowed California to come as a free state in return for laws upholding slavery. The balance was later disturbed with the joining of free Orego n and Minnesota. The increase of the gap between free and slave state illustrates the changes happening in each region. When South, with a slow population growth, adopted an agrarian plantation economy, North adopted industrialization. They had large urban areas, with large infrastructures. They witnessed increased birth rates and a large inflow of European immigrants. The increase in population made South to keep a balance in the government. This lead to the addition of several free states. An anti-slavery president was also appointed. The political issue that ultimately took the nation towards the war was nothing but slavery in the western territories acquired during the Mexican-American War. The same case was earlier considered in 1820, when slavery was permitted in the Southern border of Missouri. Rep. David Wilmot tried to prevent slavery as he brought the Wilmot Proviso in Congress. After long debate it got defeated. Attempts were made to solve the issue, but failed. The issue appeared again in 1854 with the Kansas-Nebraska Act. Kansas-Nebraska Act resulted in an arrival of pro- and anti-slavery forces into Kansas. Free Staters and Border Ruffians continued open violence for few years. Even though the pro-slavery forces in Missouri influenced the elections, the President Buchanan accepted the Lecompton Constitution. Though he put it before Congress for Statehood, they rejected it. Congress ordered fresh election. The anti-slavery Wyandotte Constitution got it appeal from Congress in 1859. The fight in Kansas increased the problems between South and North. As the South understood that the control of the government was getting weak, it considered the rights arguments of the states to protect slavery. According to Southerners, federal government has no rights to interfere in the rights of the slaveholders and take their property into a new territory as per the tenth Amendment. They said that government should not interfere with slavery. The issue of slavery got worsened by the coming of the Abolitionist movement in the 1820s and 1830s. Adherents said that slavery is not just a social evil, it is rather a practice which is morally wrong. Abolitionists cried for the freedom of the slaves. They campaigned for anti-slavery causes and demanded the abolition of slavery. They supported anti-slavery caus

Condition vs. Statement Analysis Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Condition vs. Statement Analysis - Coursework Example Horizontal analysis makes use of comparisons over two or more years in both currency and percentage forms. Vertical analysis on the other hand, takes into account entries of the balance sheet and presents them as percentages of the total. Finally, ratio analysis is used in financial statement analysis to show the statistical correlation of data (Finkler, Purtell, Calabrese, and Smith, 2013). The use of financial statement analysis is primarily aimed at informing effective decision making process. While financial statement analysis evaluates the financial performance of an organization from its financial data records to showcase performance, financial condition analysis on the other hand, aims at measuring the position of the business or entity at hand. Two considerations under financial condition analysis include resource flow, and resource stock (Studenmund, 2011). Under resource flow, financial condition analysis takes into account financial indicators such as total margin, charge to expense, and debt service ratios. It also considers financial performance through change in net assets (Finkler, Purtell, Calabrese, and Smith, 2013). Under resource stock, financial condition analysis takes into account financial ratios (indicators) such as quick for testing liquidity, net assets for measuring solvency, debt to asset for measuring leverage, and capital assets condition for measuring capital (Finkler, Purtell, Calabrese, and Smith, 2013). The use of financial condition analysi s is primarily aimed at acknowledging the performance or position of the entity at hand. Finkler, Purtell, Calabrese, and Smith (2013) points that external factors have impact on an organization’s financial performance. In this case, financial condition analysis considers external factors such as competition, market stability, exchange rates, and market volatility. Under these factors, financial condition analysis aims at testing how much the business is able to

Effects of suicide bombing on dera ghazi khan criminology essay

Effects of suicide bombing on dera ghazi khan criminology essay Suicide bombers blow themselves up in order to attack people or property. They may attach explosive to their bodies, which permits them to access crowded areas where placing explosive would otherwise be difficult. Other suicide tactics involve using vehicles to create dangerous accident or run into buildings. In Pakistan mostly the teen agers take participation in suicide attack in the recent past. As of July 2007, before the Lal Masjid assault, the volunteers for self-martyrdom tended to be young, ranging from 18 to 24 years (Dawn, 2009). The main objective of the present study is to assess the socio-economic and Psychological effect of suicide bombing on community. The Universe of study will be comprised of the city areas of Dera Ghazi Khan. The sample of present study will comprised of 120 respondents. The data will be collected from two union councils of city Dera Ghazi Khan that will be selected through simple random sampling technique. Multistage sampling technique will be used . At first stage, two union councils will be selected. At the second stage, two colony/Blocks will be selected through simple random sampling technique and the third stage, 60 respondents (30 from each blocks/colony) will be selected randomly and over all 120 respondents will be interviewed. Research tool (Questionnaire) will be constructed to get information according to the objectives of the study. To check the accuracy and suitability of research tool, 10 respondents will be pretested. After making suitable corrections, final data will be gathered. And it will be analyzed by using appropriate statistical techniques (descriptive and inferential). The results will be presented in the form of M.Sc.Thesis. Need for the project: Islam and suicide bombing: The Quran mentions fighting (military jihad) in some 38 verses. Fourteen of the verses, make glancing reference to fighting in the way of Allah (which can mean anything from defensives military operations to a purely personal struggle to improve spiritual conditions). Seven of the verses criticize cowardice in battle. Three verses deal with Gods commands to the (ancient) treacle of Israel to fight against oppressors, two verses deal with the subject of those who break treaties, two refer to losses in battle suffered by unbelievers and two concerns the offering of peace. The remaining verses refer variously to the account of a battle, an attack on Muslims, the experience of fighting, provisions for battle and fighting during Ramadan (Dewdney, 2003) And fight in the way of Allah those who fight you. But do not transgress limits. Truly Allah loves not the transgressors. (Quran, Surah Al-Baqarah 2:190). What is suicide Terrorism? Clear operational definitions and well-defined variables are challenge to researcher who studies suicide terrorism. Some conference attendees disagreed on which definitions of suicide terrorism to use. Andrew Silke of the University of East London noted that through out history, acts that some might dismiss as crazy or diabolical have frequently been employed as rational terrorist tactics. Examples include Catos self-inflicted stabbing and Samsons destruction of the temple where he was held. He noted that groups that have used suicide as a tool include Japanese samurai, English suffragists, IRA hunger-strikers, and Japanese Kamikaze pilots. Silke also raised the questions of how we should consider last-stands battles, such as the Spartans at Thermopylae or Americans at the Alamo. Silkes historical frame work prompted the panel of experts to debate how best to determine the difference between suicide and suicidal (high-risk) acts. Central to the discussion was deciding whether an act that is considered suicidal contributes seminal knowledge to the under standing of suicide terrorism. In other words, should the definitions of suicide terrorism be limited to actions that result only in suicide of should suicidal acts be included as well (Michael, 2006)? Suicide bombing has justly been centre of tending in recent years. A common perception among public and even scientific community is that suicide bombers are abnormal in some way and must be mentally ill. So for there have been no evidence that people who perpetrate the suicide bombing are with mental illness. (Clovard K, 2007). The black and white and simplistic thinking like I am good and right You are bad and wrong are the beliefs which may be fundamental these acts. These beliefs distance people from their foes and make it easier for them to kill people with plain little or no sense of compunction or guilt. However these may be over simplifications for a very complex phenomenon. (Merari A, 2007). Suicide bombers blow themselves up in order to attack people or property. They may seize explosive to their bodies, which allows them to approach crowded areas. Other suicide tactics involve using vehicles to create deadly accidents or run into buildings. Suicide bombers in Afghanistan and Iraq have driven trucks with explosives into buildings to attack them: The 9/11 hijacker flew planes into the World Trade Center and the Pentagon. Suicide attackers know that they will die for their causes, and are therefore believed the most attached of terrorists. However, there is much professional supposition about the motivations and mindset of suicide bombers (Zelman, 2008). Several news papers reports and information from news channels suggested that the phenomenon of suicide bombing is new in Pakistan. November 6, 2002 marked the occasion when a lady blow herself in front of news paper office in Karachi, injuring 6 people. Since the there have been 40 incidents up till now exacting more than 832 lives and injuring about than 1762. There have been constant rise in the incidents since 2006 with its peak in August 2007. NWFP is the most affected province followed by federally administered Tribal Areas (FATA). Regarding targets of the security personals have been the main target of suicide bombings, followed by other religions sects (Kaplan A, 2007). Psychology of terrorism and especially suicide bombing has drawn so much attention compared to other threats to life in recent years. This perception and attitude aspect to suicide bombing of perpetrators is of great interest to social scientists as well as psychiatrists and psychologists. Therefore psychological explanation of such a behavior could be of interest to many segments of society. Psychological perspectives could explain this extreme behavior of suicide bombing to some extent, though may not be fully applicable to all cases (Kaplan A, 2007). The curse of terrorism have left negative imprints on the economy of our country and devastated the socio conditions of our society also. A large number of domestic investors have flown away due the prevailing shadows of suicidal attacks and foreign investors also avoid investing their capital in our country. Which is one of the main sources that stabilize our economy? Many bread-winners of families have been victimized by this evil currently prevailing in our country. On socio front, the element of uncertainty have created in the minds of masses while going outside for job or business, no one knows whether he/she will come back home or not. (Jones, 2008). Purpose of study: District Dera Ghazi Khan geographically located in a key position and preferring the role of heart. All provinces (Sindh, Baluchistan, Khyber Pakhtun khwa and Punjab) are connected here. National trade and social mobility depend on the calm and peaceful environment of this area so the purpose of this study will be to highlight perception of common people of the area about the suicide bombing and also the atmosphere of uncertainty in their social and economic life. In this study, research will concentrate on the perception of people and to examine that how suicide bombing affects their social and economic life. Most previous studies had focused on infrstctural loses of suicide bombing and I will try to high light the social economic and psychological effects of suicide bombing according to the perception of common people. OBJECTIVES: 1. To find out the socio-economic characteristics of the respondents. 2. To examine the perceptions of people about suicide bombing and its impact on their Socialization process. 3. To find out the perceived impact of suicide bombing on community psychology and Economy. 4. To suggest some possible measures for the reduction of suicide bombing. Review of literature: Saxton (2002) recommended that the economic cost of terrorism is comparable to a security or terrorism tax due to the extra cost of security. These diverse costs represent a supply side shock to an economy and can be very large. For example, in Pakistani Army or security forces clash against terrorist in Wana and Swat and much amount spent on this war it is burden on the country. Abadie and Gardeazabal (2003) the impacts of terrorism on (GDP) Grass Domestic Product per capital in our Country a region that has been weighed down by terrorism. They make an unreal region that consists of a weighted combination of different regions of our country that is planned to act as a counterfactual. It is intended to reflect an economic profile of the region before the start of terrorism. The author says that if any country faced terrorism and then people live difficult life. Palmer (2003) the author explored the general phenomena of terrorism, in a try to inform understanding of terrorist act. He stresses the need for contextualization of acts to terror, their perpetrators their effects on population and individuals, and attention to the psychology of groups. The author covers a brief history of terrorism organizational requirements of terror groups and process of recruiting personnel to them the; the means motives and opportunities terrorist exploit in their work; the need for communication with terror groups; sacrificial death governmental responses to terrorist acts and fear the mental health. The author proposed that terrorist organizations perform some of the functions of a family; that act of terror are propaganda by dead; that terrorism more precisely media treatment of it, breeds formless fears which may directly need to the development of fear-based symptoms and illness with in societies. He noted that terrorism is an enterprise from which many players benefits; that terrorism has a shadow in counter-terrorism, which may range from benign to malignant and that psychiatry could, in this context, acknowledge its bias towards individual psychology and rectify its lack of understanding of groups and the behavior of individual within them. Robert (2003) in his book dying to win; the strategic logic of suicide terrorism controverter many widely held beliefs about suicide terrorism. Based on an analysis of every known case of suicide terrorism from 1980s to 2005 (315 attacks are as part 18 campaigns), he concluded that there is little connection between suicide terrorism and Islamic fundamentalism, or anyone of the worlds religions Rather, what nearly are suicide terrorist attacks have in common in a specific secular and strategic goal: to compel modern democracies to withdraw military forces from territory that the terrorist consider to be their homeland. The taproot of suicide terrorism is nationalism; he argues it is an extreme strategy for national liberation. Robert work examines group are diverse as the Basque ETA to the srilankan Tamil Tigers. Robert also notably provides further evidences to a growing body of literature that finds that the majority of suicide terrorist do not come from impoverished or uneducated background, but rather have middle class origins and a significant level of education. Tavares (2003) explained that those who conserve suicide attacks are forced by religious beliefs suggest that the bombers believe that God has sent them on a task. They are motivated mostly by the assure of a happy after life and heavenly reward and the threat of pretty payback their basis is that by blowing themselves up in a crowd of people, they are making themselves martyrs and forge their own entrance to heaven. Blomberg, Hess and Orphanides (2004) estimated a number of models in a challenge to estimate the economic cost of terrorism. Using panel regressions calculating for country-fixed effects, they find that the living in a society we faces many problems but the terrorism is big threat for our safety and our country. No one knows that if he go to the job and he come back home or not. And with this curse our total economy affected because foreigner investor not comes here for business. Chen and Siems (2004) determine the impact of terrorism on justice index with an occasion study method. Unusual takings (deviations of situation-event key ethics from the pre-event average) and increasing irregular takings are the needy variables and the number of military and terrorist trial is the events. Using abnormal and collective abnormal returns on the Dow Jones Industrial Average equity index, the authors discover that of the eight terrorist incidents. Nitsch and Schumacher (2004). He suggested that Religious Terrorism is terrorism fragrant by groups or individual, the drive of which is usually fixed in the trust based tents. Terrorist acts during out the centuries have been performed on religious basis with the wish to either reach or implement a structure of belief, point of view or judgment. Religious terrorism does not in it self essentially define a specific religious stand point or view, but instead usually defines an individual or group view or analysis of that belief systems teachings. Piskhiatr and Korsakova (2004) stated that the consequences of terrorist threat and terrorist acts for mental health of the individual, groups of individuals and community in general were analyzed. Mental disorders emerging in the victim of terrorism is described. The problem of terrorist threats use as a psychic weapon is discussed. Tolerance of population to terrorism can be divided into two types that is psycho physiological and socio-psychological. The ways for elevating tolerability to terrorist threat and terrorist acts are suggested. Help in the centers of terrorist acts must be of the complex character, benign provided by different specialists including psychologists and psychiatrists. The importance of state structures and support in this work is emphasized. Abadie and Gardeazabal (2005) examined the impact of terrorism on foreign direct investment (FDI) which, they make up, may be superior to its impact on economic growth. Different other studies, which use also the number of losses or the number of terrorist attacks as their calculate of terrorism, the authors use an index that is based on expert ratings of the drive, company, size, competence, and barrier of terrorism at a country level. PGAP (2005) this pew global survey concerned over Islamic extremism. According to pew global survey, nearly three-quarters of Moroccans and roughly half of those in Pakistan, Turkey and Indonesia see Islamic extremism as a threat to their countries. At the same time, most Muslim publics are expressing less support for terrorism then in the past. Confidence in Osama Bin Laden has declined markedly in some countries and fewer believe suicide bombings that target civilians are justified in the defense of Islam has declined significantly, In Turkey Morocco and Indonesia.15% or fewer act now say such actions justifiable. In Pakistan, only one in four now take that view (25%), a sharp drop from 41% in March 2004. Hronick (2006) stated that in a study conducted by Muhammad Hafez from university of Missouri-Kansas reported that suicide bombing were often conducted by secular organizations to advance political objectives against a stronger, technologically superior enemy. He noted that these organizations often invoke religion to appeal to individuals in order to convince them that they are fulfilling a commitment to God. He also explained how what he called the reward of martyrdom might motive an individual to undertake a suicide attacks and cited terrorists in Palestinian society as an example. There, suicide attackers are regarded by some as heroes, with their names given to babies or streets, and their sacrifices promoted by posters and mass funerals. Among the purported rewards for a martyr in the afterlife was the ability to intercede with God on behalf of friends and family and redemption for not only the individual, but for the society as well. Also, organizations that sponsor terrorism often bestow money and status on the families of suicide terrorists. Robert and Badar (2006) had explained the rise of suicide bombing since the early 1980s by focusing on the characteristic of suicide bombers, the cultural matrix which they operate, and the strategic calculations the make to maximize their gains. They offered an alternative approach that emphasizes the interaction between Palestinian suicide bombing and Israeli government actions, analyzing the motivations organizational rationales and precipitants for the 138 suicide bombings that took place in Israel the west bank and Gaza between October 2000 and July 2005. Using several sources including Arabic newspapers they find that much of the impetus for Palestinian suicide bombing can be explained by his desire to retaliate against Israeli killings of Palestinians: and that much of the impetus for Israeli Killings of Palestinians can be explained by the desire to retaliate for suicide bombing. When men are angry they commonly act out of revenge and not ambition. Aristotle, politics oppress ed people can not always be expected to behave in a reasonable manner. Benmelech and Berrbi (2007) showed that they study the relation between human capital of suicide bombers and outcomes of their suicide attacks. They argued that human capital is an important factor in the production of terrorism, and that is if terrorist behave rationally we should observe that more able suicide bombers are assigned to more important targets. The empirical analysis suggests that younger and uneducated suicide bombers were being assigned by their terror organization to more important targets. We found that uneducated and younger suicide bombers are less likely to fail in their missions, and are more likely to cause increased causalities when they attack. Gill (2007) narrated that understanding suicide bombing entailed studying the phenomenon on three different dimensions: the suicide bomber, terrorist organization and the community from which suicide bombing emerge. Political and social psychology allow us to establish the reciprocal relationships that underpin the exchange between three dimensions. This method increases our theoretical understandings of suicide bombing by moving away from the UN dimensional models that have previously dominated the terrorism literature. Hassan (2007) Awake till now, it is not possible to decide to what level children are being used for suicide operations in Pakistan and if it was ever a source of income for the TTP (Terikh Tailban Pakistan). Yet, it is known that the phenomenon does s and is also prevalent in nearby Afghanistan. One of the reasons suicide attacks have flourished in the past few years is the visible rapprochement between al Qaeda and the Pakistani Taliban. What affects one country will ultimately affect the other, and in the absence of any sign of social and economic development in the most isolated districts of the country, Pakistani suicide bombers tend not to be by-products of the madras system the Pakistani society might have to fear the worst regarding its youth. Unama (2007) presented the main findings Unamas comprehensive inquiry into the phenomenon of suicide attacks in Afghanistan. This study contextualizes suicide attacks in Afghanistan against its occurrence in other theatres, identifying the ways in which suicide attacks in Afghanistan differ from attacks elsewhere. It details available information about the backgrounds of the attackers and sources of support they enjoy, both in Afghanistan and across the border in Pakistan. This report described the human cost borne by its largely civilians victims and identifies several policy implications as well as mitigating strategies. While suicide attackers elsewhere in the world tend not to be poor and uneducated, Afghanistans attackers appear to be young, uneducated and often drawn from madras across the border in Pakistan. They were also fortunately relatively inept at this tactic, managing to kill only themselves in many instances. Suicide assailants in Afghanistan and their supporters seem to be mobilized by a number of grievances. These include a sense of occupation, anger over civilian casualties and affronts to their national, family, and personal senses of honor and dignity that are perpetrated in the conduct of counterinsurgency operations. Some attackers are also motivated by religious rewards and duties. Abawi (2008) reported that CNN terrorism analyst Peter Bergen said the number of suicide bombings in Pakistan has reached unprecedented levels in the past year. Previously, Bergen says, such attacks were rare. The reason for this rise was because Al Qaeda and the Pakistani Taliban had morphed together ideologically and tactically, and both see themselves at war with the Pakistani state, Bergen says. Many of the suicide attacks had been aimed at Pakistani politicians, officials and soldiers. Pakistani president Pervez Musharraf had vowed to fight militancy and religious extremism, going after Taliban and Al Qaeda within the country, Pakistans ambassador to the United States, Muhammad Ali Durrani, Some years ago told CNN that the Pakistani military was totally focused in destroying Al Qaeda and the Taliban network and not just one person. Still, the suicide bombers were succeeding targeting political partys rallies military installations and anyone seen as a threat. Meanwhile, civilian s were caught in the crossfire. The bombings, he said, must be stopped. I hope that we will succeed and, God willing we will try to stop these bloody cowards, he says. I dont think they are Muslim. Sayre (2009) analyzed the relationship between Palestinian suicide bombings and economic and political conditions. Labor market conditions can affect the frequency of attacks because when the economy worsens, the opportunity cost of being a terrorist decreases. An alternative explanation is that suicide bombings are responses to changes in the political environment. This paper examined these alternative explanations by estimating court data regression models of the occurrence of Palestinian terrorist attacks from 1993 to 2004. Contrary to the previous literature, this paper found that economic conditions were correlated with suicide terrorism. Specifically, deteriorating local labor market conditions during the al- Aqsa intifada account for nearly half of the increase in suicide bombings during that time. Procedure: The main objective of methodology is to explain various tools and techniques employed for a data collection, analysis and interpretation of data related to research problem. According to Nachmias and Nachmias (1992) the scientific methodology is a system of explicit rules and procedures upon which research is based and against which the claims for knowledge are evaluate. The purpose of the present study is to assess the socio-economic and psychological effect of suicide bombing on community. The Universe of study will be urban areas of District Dera Ghazi Khan. The sample of present study will comprised of 120 respondents. The data will be collected from two union councils of city Dera Ghazi Khan that will be selected through simple random sampling technique. Multistage sampling technique will be used and at first stage, two union councils will be selected. At the second, stage two colonies/Blocks will be selected through simple random sampling technique and the third stage, 60 respondents (30 from each blocks/ colony) will be selected randomly and over all 120 respondents will be interviewed. A research tool (Questionnaire) will be constructed to get information according to the objectives of the study and to check the accuracy and suitability of research tool, 10 respondents will be pretested. After making suitable correction, final data will be ga thered.Collected data will be analyzed by using appropriate statistical technique (descriptive and inferential). Literature cited: Abadie, A .and Javier G .2003. The Economic Costs of Conflict: A Case-Control Study for The Basque Country. American Economic Review: 93:113-132. Abadie, A. and Javier G.2005. Terrorism and the World Economy. Working Paper Harvard Kennedy School of Government, http://ksghome.harvard.edu/~aabadie/twe.pdf. Abawi, A.2008. Pakistan bombings reach unprecedented level. CNN. Com edition. 10january , 2008. And population studies; Princeton University department of; Economics RAND Corporation NBER working paper no.W12910. Blomberg, S. Brock, Gregory D. Hess and Athanasios O.2004. The Macroeconomic Consequence of Terrorism Journal of Monetary Economics. 51(5). 1007-1032. Benmelech, E. and Berrebi C.2007. Terrorism and mental illness is there a relationship. Rand Corporation Labour. Chen, A and Thomas S .2004. The Effects of Terrorism on Global Capital Markets. European Journal of Political Economy, 20:349-366. Colvard K. 2007. Commentary: the psychology of terrorists. BMJ 2002; 324: 359. Dewdney, AK. 2003. Islam does not support suicide attacks. Physics, 911. Scientific panel Investigation Nine-Eleven. http://physics911.net/islamnotsuicidal. Dawn. 2007. Into the mind of a suicide bomber. Available on http:// www.dawn.com. Suicide Terrorism in Pakistan. /2007/07/21/local17.htm Gill, P. 2007. A Multi-Dimensional Approach to Suicide Bombing. International journal of conflict and violence, 1 (2) 142-159 Hronick, S. Micheal. 2006. Analyzing terror: Researchers study the perpetrators and the effect of suicide terrorism.NIJ journal, (254):1-7. Onlinewww.suicideattack.com/palestineattach.html Jones, J. W. 2008. Blood that cries out from the earth: The psychology of religious Terrorism New York, NY: Oxford University Press. Kaplan A.2007. The psychodynamics of terrorism. In Alexander Y, Gleason J editors. Behavioral and quantitative perspectives on terrorism. New York: Pergamum Press 1981: p.35-50. Michael, S.H. 2006. Analyzing Terror: Researchers study the perpetrators and the affect of Suicide Terrorism. National Institute of justice. NO.254. International centre of the National institute of justice Noorani, T.2008. Root causes of terrorism. Associated Press of Pakistan. Merari A. 2007. The readiness to kill and die: Suicidal terrorism in the Middle East. In Reich W editor. Origins of terrorism: Psychologies, ideologies, theologies and states of mind. Cambridge University Press 1990; 118-24. Nitsch, V and Dieter S .2004. Terrorism and International Trade: An Empirical Investigation European Journal of Political Economy. 20: 423-433. Nachmias, C.F. and D. Nachmias. 1992. Research methods in the social sciences. Published by Edwards Arnold. A division of Hodder and Stoughton. London. Palmer, Ian. 2003. Terrorism, Suicide Bombing fear and mental health. International Review of Psychiatry, 19 (3):289-296 Pew Global Attitude project, (2005). A project of the pew research center. Islamic extremism Common concern for Muslim and attitude survey ww.pewglobal.org/Research (NBER)NBER working paper now 12910. Psikhiatr, Zh. Nevrol and Koraskaova, S.S. 2004. Terrorism and mental health (problems scale, Population Tolerance, management of care). {Article in Russia} 104 (6) : 4-8.Russian.PMID:15285627 Pub med -indexed for MEDLINE Robert J., B. and Badar, Araj. 2006. Suicide bombing as strategy and interaction: The case of the Second Intifada. Social Forces, 84 (4):1969-1986. ISSN 0037-7732 Robert, 2003. The strategic logic of suicide Terrorism. American political science Review, 97(3): 1-19. Hassan,S.S.2007. Recruiting Taliban child soldiers. BBC News. 12 June. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/6731389.stm Sayre and Edward A, 2009. Labor Market conditions political events and Palestinian Suicide Bombing Peace Economics. Peace science and Public Policy: 15 (1) http://www. Bepress.com/peps/vo115/iss1/1 www.state.gov/s/ct/rls/pgtrpt. Saxton, J.2002. The Economic Costs of Terrorism Joint Economic Committee U.S. Congress. May .Available from http://www.house.gov/jec/terrorism/costs.pdf. Tavares J .2003. The Open Society Assesses Its Enemies: Shocks, Disasters and Terrorist Attacks prepared for the Carnegie-Rochester Conference on Public Policy, Nov. 21-22, 2003. UNAMA. 2007. Suicide attacks in Afghanistan (2001-2007) United Nations Assistance Mission Kabul, Afghanistan. 09-09-2007. Zalman, A.2008. Suicide Bomber. Terrorism issue. About, Inc., A part of the New York Times Company http. About.com/od/tacticand weapons/g/SuicideBomber.htm.